Within the context of climate change and the urbanisation of the Greater Paris region, improving knowledge of the Parisian subsurface, whose space could be used for future developments, and assessing the potential for its use are key issues. The S-PASS project aims to collect and analyse data concerning the subsurface of the Greater Paris metropolitan area in order to improve our knowledge of the latter and share it with citizens and developers, by creating a 3D digital model combining geology, geotechnics and infrastructures. It also aims to assess the possibilities of using the urban subsurface for geothermal energy and recovering building materials.
Ressources et usages du sous-sol

Illustration relative à la ville durable

© BRGM

Challenges

The subsurface is fundamental to the city's development and evolution. It is the foundation on which surface developments are built and a place that houses public transport and other networks (water, communications, etc.). It is also a source of energy that is still under-exploited in urban areas: geothermal energy. 

Within the context of climate change, whose effects will be particularly noticeable over the next few decades in major metropolitan areas, the subsurface could also be used as a new space to be developed, as an alternative to urban sprawl, whether for tertiary developments (shops, offices, cultural spaces, etc.) or even housing. The S-PASS project – targeted project no. 10 of the "Subsurface: a Common Good" PEPR – addresses these issues within the geographical scope of the Greater Paris Metropolitan area, which extends around the city of Paris as far as the Grand Paris Express driverless-metro project. 

It focuses on the first 200 metres of the sub-surface and aims to:

  • Provide a better understanding of the geological formations (as well as their associated variability) and the geomechanical properties of the subsurface beneath the heavily urbanised suburbs of Paris, and test new geophysical methods in urban areas;
  • Build a 3D digital model combining a 3D geological model of the Cenozoic geological formations, incorporating the natural variability of the formations present, due to the way they were formed, and the existing underground public transport infrastructures. Combining these two models will enable us to create a prototype digital twin of the urban subsurface of the Paris area;
  • Make the public aware of these underground spaces and their potential in terms of future developments, while analysing the environmental footprint of the use of the subsurface in the urban development model in comparison to above-ground developments, based on sustainable development indicators;
  • Consider innovative methods for increasing circular-economy applications, i.e. recovering excavated earth from underground works and using heat from the underground environment thanks to the creation of infrastructures or geothermal doublets and probes.

Expected results 

The results and deliverables of the various sub-projects will be made available through the principle of open science in various formats (scientific publications, palaeogeographic maps, methodological guides, a catalogue of data and geomechanical parameters, a web platform for presenting information and displaying data, a 3D model of the subsurface, etc.). 

The specific objectives are to:

  • Clarify the environmental relationships between carbonate, marl and evaporitic facies deposits and produce palaeogeographic maps concerning key periods in the evolution of the Paris Basin.
  • Provide a generic guide to explain lateral facies variations and the distribution of facies in the basin.
  • Produce charts in order to understand the damage caused to the surface by underground work.
  • Create a reference guide on the geomechanical parameters of the underground formations in the Paris area for geotechnical engineers. This guidebook will aim to establish a link between the geological facies and the geotechnical parameters.
  • Present the new geophysical tools developed (or that could be developed) for observing ground movements and characterising the terrain in urban areas.
  • Produce a 3D model of the Parisian subsurface: a tool that summarises and pools all the knowledge available for scientists, spatial planners and engineers. The model will be tailored to the audience and uses concerned, and take into account potential conflicts of interest. It will be simplified for educational purposes and for non-specialist audiences. The 3D model will be the first building block for creating a digital twin of the Greater Paris metro.
  • Provide a review of the exchanges between the various players in society and assess the problems of the use of urban subsurface in terms of citizens' understanding/perception, and in terms of environmental impact.
  • Determine whether or not excavated soil can be reused to create fertile soil.
  • Specify the geothermal potential of the Greater Paris area and provide guidelines on the sizing of structures and the risks associated with exploiting this resource in relation to infrastructures or geological formations.

Co-managers

Isabelle Halfon, BRGM

Jocelyn Barbarand, Université Paris-Saclay

 

Partenaires

  • BRGM (établissement coordinateur)
  • Université Paris Saclay
  • Université de Lorraine
  • Université Gustave Eiffel
  • Université de Lille
  • CNRS (Délégation Centre Limousin Poitou Charente) – Université de Poitiers
  • CETU (Centre d’étude des tunnels)
  • Université Grenoble Alpes
  • Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne
  • Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées
  • RATP

Liens utiles

 

A few bibliographical references:

  • BRIAIS, J., GUILLOCHEAU, F., LASSEUR, E., ROBIN, C., CHATEAUNEUF, J.J., SERRANO, O. (2016). Response of a low-subsiding intracratonic basin to long wavelength deformations: the Palaeocene–early Eocene period in the Paris Basin. Solid Earth, 7: 205–228 [www.solid-earth.net/7/205/2016/]. doi:10.5194/se-7-205-2016.
  • Moreau K., Andrieu S., Briais J., Brigaud B. (2021). Production et faciès carbonatés continentaux du Cénozoïque du Bassin de Paris, RST 2021, Lyon, 1-5 Nov. 2021, https://rst2020-lyon.sciencesconf.org/359900
  • Moreau K., Moreno-Soler M., Brigaud B., Andrieu S., Schnyder J., Briais J., Quesnel F., Merle D., Assayag N., Ader M., Gaillard T., Durand V., (2021). Le forage de Maisse, une nouvelle coupe de référence pour le Cénozoïque du Bassin de Paris, RST 2021, Lyon, 1-5 Nov. 2021, https://rst2020-lyon.sciencesconf.org/360778
  • El Kahi, E., Deck, O., Khouri, M., Mehdizadeh, R., Rahme, P., 2020. A new simplified meta-model to evaluate the transmission of ground movements to structures integrating the elastoplastic soil behavior. Structures. 23, 324-334.
  • Audi, Y., Jullien, A., Dauvergne, M., Feraille, A., D'Aloia Schwartzentruber, L. Methodology and application for the environmental assessment of underground multimodal tunnels. Transportation Geotechnics, Volume 24, 2020, 100389, ISSN 2214-3912.   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2020.100389.
  • Vidal Beaudet, L., Cannavo, P., Schwartz, C., Séré, G., Bechet, B., Legret, M., Peyneau, P-E., Bataillard, P., Coussy, S., Damas, O., (2017). Using wastes for fertile urban soil construction – The French Research Project SITERRE. Soils within Cities - Global approaches to their sustainable management - composition, properties, and functions of soils of the urban environment, Catena Soil Sciences, 2017, 978-3-510-65411-6
  • Maragna, C., Les Landes Antoine, A., Durst, P., Dupaigne, T., 2022. Cartographie du potentiel de la géothermie de surface sur le territoire de la Métropole du Grand Paris (Rapport final V2 No. BRGM/RP-71139-FR). https://infoterre.brgm.fr/rapports//RP-71139-FR.pdf
Other projects